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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History... 00:02:14 1 Prehistoric medicine 00:03:30 2 Early civilizations 00:03:40 2.1 Mesopotamia 00:07:55 2.2 Egypt 00:10:42 2.3 India 00:15:24 2.4 China 00:18:58 3 Greece and Roman Empire 00:21:18 3.1 Hippocrates 00:24:19 3.2 Herophilus and Erasistratus 00:26:17 3.3 Galen 00:28:02 3.4 Roman contributions 00:28:58 4 The Middle Ages, 400 to 1400 00:29:09 4.1 Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Empire 00:31:54 4.2 Islamic world 00:33:49 4.3 Europe 00:35:38 4.3.1 Schools 00:37:30 4.3.2 Humours 00:39:01 4.3.3 Women 00:39:34 5 Renaissance to early modern period 16th–18th century 00:42:13 5.1 Paracelsus 00:43:43 5.2 Padua and Bologna 00:46:44 5.3 Women 00:49:00 5.4 Age of Enlightenment 00:50:02 5.5 Britain 00:52:53 5.6 Spain and Spanish Empire 00:55:14 6 19th century: rise of modern medicine 00:56:27 6.1 Germ theory and bacteriology 01:01:36 6.2 Women 01:01:44 6.2.1 Women as nurses 01:05:09 6.2.2 Women as physicians 01:06:21 6.3 Paris 01:09:15 6.4 Vienna 01:11:17 6.5 Berlin 01:12:14 6.6 U.S. Civil War 01:15:30 6.7 Statistical methods 01:18:25 6.8 Worldwide dissemination 01:18:34 6.8.1 United States 01:18:54 6.8.2 Japan 01:21:57 6.9 Psychiatry 01:27:31 7 20th century and beyond 01:27:42 7.1 Twentieth-century warfare and medicine 01:29:58 7.2 Public health 01:31:40 7.3 Second World War 01:32:43 7.3.1 Nazi and Japanese medical research 01:33:47 7.4 Malaria 01:35:11 7.5 Post-World War II 01:39:18 7.5.1 Modern surgery 01:40:40 8 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services... Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8076384848462415 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Indians introduced the concepts of medical diagnosis, prognosis, and advanced medical ethics. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the microscope was invented. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. Medicine was heavily professionalized in the 20th century, and new careers opened to women as nurses (from the 1870s) and as physicians (especially after 1970).

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History... 00:02:14 1 Prehistoric medicine 00:03:30 2 Early civilizations 00:03:40 2.1 Mesopotamia 00:07:55 2.2 Egypt 00:10:42 2.3 India 00:15:24 2.4 China 00:18:58 3 Greece and Roman Empire 00:21:18 3.1 Hippocrates 00:24:19 3.2 Herophilus and Erasistratus 00:26:17 3.3 Galen 00:28:02 3.4 Roman contributions 00:28:58 4 The Middle Ages, 400 to 1400 00:29:09 4.1 Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Empire 00:31:54 4.2 Islamic world 00:33:49 4.3 Europe 00:35:38 4.3.1 Schools 00:37:30 4.3.2 Humours 00:39:01 4.3.3 Women 00:39:34 5 Renaissance to early modern period 16th–18th century 00:42:13 5.1 Paracelsus 00:43:43 5.2 Padua and Bologna 00:46:44 5.3 Women 00:49:00 5.4 Age of Enlightenment 00:50:02 5.5 Britain 00:52:53 5.6 Spain and Spanish Empire 00:55:14 6 19th century: rise of modern medicine 00:56:27 6.1 Germ theory and bacteriology 01:01:36 6.2 Women 01:01:44 6.2.1 Women as nurses 01:05:09 6.2.2 Women as physicians 01:06:21 6.3 Paris 01:09:15 6.4 Vienna 01:11:17 6.5 Berlin 01:12:14 6.6 U.S. Civil War 01:15:30 6.7 Statistical methods 01:18:25 6.8 Worldwide dissemination 01:18:34 6.8.1 United States 01:18:54 6.8.2 Japan 01:21:57 6.9 Psychiatry 01:27:31 7 20th century and beyond 01:27:42 7.1 Twentieth-century warfare and medicine 01:29:58 7.2 Public health 01:31:40 7.3 Second World War 01:32:43 7.3.1 Nazi and Japanese medical research 01:33:47 7.4 Malaria 01:35:11 7.5 Post-World War II 01:39:18 7.5.1 Modern surgery 01:40:40 8 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services... Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8076384848462415 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Indians introduced the concepts of medical diagnosis, prognosis, and advanced medical ethics. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the microscope was invented. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. Medicine was heavily professionalized in the 20th century, and new careers opened to women as nurses (from the 1870s) and as physicians (especially after 1970).