This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief 00:01:57 1 Knowledge and epistemology 00:04:29 2 As a psychological phenomenon 00:11:21 3 Epistemological belief compared to religious belief 00:11:45 3.1 Belief-in 00:13:23 3.2 Belief-that 00:13:32 3.2.1 Economical belief 00:14:11 3.2.2 Delusion 00:15:46 4 Formation 00:16:09 4.1 The conditional inference process 00:17:09 4.2 Linear models of belief formation 00:17:47 4.3 Information processing models of belief formation and change 00:20:54 5 Justified true belief 00:23:31 6 Modification 00:26:05 7 Partial 00:26:54 8 Prediction 00:28:13 9 Religion 00:29:20 9.1 Forms of religious belief 00:30:04 9.1.1 Fundamentalism 00:31:10 9.1.2 Orthodoxy 00:32:28 9.1.3 Modernism/reform 00:33:36 9.1.4 Systemization 00:35:53 9.1.5 Universalism 00:38:09 9.2 Approaches to the beliefs of others 00:38:41 9.2.1 Exclusivism 00:40:43 9.2.2 Inclusivism 00:41:50 9.2.3 Pluralism 00:43:11 9.2.4 Syncretism 00:43:42 9.3 Adherence 00:47:37 9.4 Apostasy 00:51:17 10 Systems 00:51:57 10.1 Gilbert, sociological perspectives 00:53:22 10.2 Glover 00:57:12 10.3 Law 00:57:52 11 See also 00:58:01 12 Notes 00:58:10 13 Further reading 00:59:58 14 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services... Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.7036197636048307 Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case regardless of empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: pistis and doxa. Simplified, we may say that pistis refers to "trust" and "confidence", while doxa refers to "opinion" and "acceptance". The English word "orthodoxy" derives from doxa. Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth.In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to personal attitudes associated with true or false ideas and concepts. However, "belief" does not require active introspection and circumspection. For example, we never ponder whether or not the sun will rise. We simply assume the sun will rise. Since "belief" is an important aspect of mundane life, according to Eric Schwitzgebel in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, a related question asks: "how a physical organism can have beliefs?"
Belief | Wikipedia audio article - YouTube | |
0 Likes | 0 Dislikes |
3 views views | 283 followers |
Education Creative Commons Attribution licence (reuse allowed) | Upload TimePublished on 5 Mar 2019 |
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét